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| The keto diet (KD) is characterized by high fat intake (70-80%), low carbohydrate content (5-10%), and moderate protein level (10-20%). It is widely followed for weight loss and management of epilepsy, making it one of the most popular diets globally. Despite being high in fat, KD offers several health benefits under specific conditions. It is particularly effective when the brain requires reduced glucose, prompting the body to use ketone bodies as an alternative energy source. By significantly limiting carbohydrate consumption, KD aids in weight loss and influences gut health by impacting gut microbiota.This review explores how KD affects the gut microbiota. Gut dysfunctions, such as those seen in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), may stem from abnormal gut-brain interactions, and dietary interventions like KD can influence gust flora to various conditions. KD serves as an example of how a diet can alter the composition of gut microbiota. When KD has been effective in treating refractory epilepsy and other disorders,it has also demonstrated the potential to enhance athletic performance by modifying gut microbiota composition. Some studies report a positive impact on gut flora, while others note a reduction in bacterial diversity. However, KD generally shows an anti-inflammatory effect oncertain diseases. |